HMPV Cases in India: Does it Affect Your Kidneys?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus often associated with cold-like symptoms, but the recent confirmation of HMPV infections in India has garnered escalating attention. Can the virus affect the kidneys? Here’s what you need to know and understand a few ways you can protect your kidney health.

What is HMPV?

HMPV is a paramyxovirus first identified in 2001. It typically causes mild upper respiratory tract infections, such as cough, fever, and nasal congestion. However, in high-risk groups like infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, the infection can escalate to pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1].

Current HMPV Situation in India

Recently, India reported confirmed cases of HMPV infection, including positive cases in infants. The virus has been linked with clusters of respiratory illness outbreaks, raising public health concerns [2]. Though it shares transmission patterns with other respiratory viruses like RSV and influenza, experts are closely monitoring its potential to cause complications beyond the lungs.

Can HMPV Cause Kidney Complications?

Though HMPV is primarily a respiratory pathogen, its impact on kidney health has come under scrutiny. In immunocompromised patients, such as kidney transplant recipients, HMPV can cause significant morbidity. These patients often receive immunosuppressive medications, which reduce their ability to fight infections, leading to increased risks of systemic complications [3].

In some hospitalized pediatric cases, HMPV has been linked to acute kidney injury (AKI). The proposed mechanism involves a systemic inflammatory response triggered by the virus, potentially affecting kidney function.

Risk Factors and Vulnerable Groups

The groups most vulnerable to severe HMPV infections and possible kidney complications include:

• Infants and young children: Developing immune systems make them more susceptible.
• Elderly individuals: Age-related immune decline increases risk.
• Immunocompromised patients: HMPV poses a serious health risk for transplant recipients, especially those with kidney or lung transplants. The use of immunosuppressive drugs can weaken the body’s defenses, making patients more vulnerable to severe respiratory infections and complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although direct kidney damage from HMPV remains poorly documented, its widespread impact on the body highlights the need for vigilant monitoring in high-risk groups.
• HMPV has been considered a potential association with leptospirosis, a bacterial disease caused by leptospiral infection, in kidney transplant recipients and may mimic Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Preventive Measures and Management

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Management is primarily supportive, focusing on symptom relief and preventing complications. Preventive strategies include:

• Practicing good hand hygiene.
• Wearing masks in high-risk environments.
• Isolating infected individuals to prevent the spread.
• Regular monitoring of kidney function in high-risk groups.

How do you keep your kidneys healthy?

Staying physically active and following a balanced, nutritious diet can help reduce the risk of kidney problems. A few of these include: Managing blood sugar levels , Eating a balanced diet , Drinking fluids, and Keeping active and fit .

To learn more about Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), click the image below.👇👇

References:

1. Costa-Filho, R. C., Saddy, F., Costa, J. L. F., Tavares, L. R., & Castro Faria Neto, H. C. (2025). The Silent Threat of Human Metapneumovirus: Clinical Challenges and Diagnostic Insights from a Severe Pneumonia Case. Microorganisms, 13(1), 73.
2. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2090780
3. Holzemer, N. F., Hasvold, J. J., Pohl, K. J., Ashbrook, M. J., Meert, K. L., & Quasney, M. W. (2020). Human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized children. Respiratory Care, 65(5), 650-657.

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational purposes and should not be considered a replacement for professional medical guidance. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and answers to any medical concerns.