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DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:

  • High Blood Sugar: Consistently elevated blood sugar levels damage blood vessel walls, causing them to become stiff. This damage encourages plaque buildup, known as atherosclerosis, which narrows arteries and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
  • Insulin Resistance: In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance leads to higher blood sugar and fat levels, which contribute to artery hardening and increase the risk of cardiovascular problems.
  • Chronic Inflammation: Diabetes also triggers low-grade inflammation, which plays a significant role in developing heart disease.

People with diabetes often experience overlapping risk factors that contribute to heart disease, such as:

People with diabetes are more prone to developing serious cardiovascular issues, such as:

While individuals with diabetes face a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease, proactive steps can greatly reduce this risk. Here are key strategies to maintain heart health and manage diabetes:

  1. Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes | American Heart Association
  2. Diabetic heart disease: A clinical update – PMC (nih.gov)
  3. Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: An overview of global trends of macro and micro vascular complications – Elisa Dal Canto, Antonio Ceriello, Lars Rydén, Marc Ferrini, Tina B Hansen, Oliver Schnell, Eberhard Standl, Joline WJ Beulens, 2019 (sagepub.com)
  4. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103:137–149. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002
  5. Gulsin GS, Swarbrick DJ, Hunt WH, Levelt E, Graham-Brown MPM, Parke KS, Wormleighton JV, Lai FY, Yates T, Wilmot EG, et al. Relation of aortic stiffness to left ventricular remodeling in younger adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2018;67:1395–1400. doi: 10.2337/db18-0112
  6. Basic Mechanisms of Diabetic Heart Disease | Circulation Research (ahajournals.org)
  7. Overview | Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification | Guidance | NICE
  8. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus | Nature Reviews Endocrinology
  9. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Etiology, Treatment, and Outcomes | SpringerLink
  10. La Sala, L.; Cattaneo, M.; De Nigris, V.; Pujadas, G.; Testa, R.; Bonfigli, A.R.; Genovese, S.; Ceriello, A. Oscillating glucose induces microRNA-185 and impairs an efficient antioxidant response in human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2016, 15, 71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]

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